The National Bank of Kazakhstan has announced plans to expand its prototype central bank digital currency (CBDC), the digital tenge, over the next three years. 

In 2023–24, the focus will be to develop infrastructure, an operational model, legal frameworks and co-operation with other central banks on cross-border and currency exchange operations. By 2025, the central bank will add more participants, aim to introduce offline capability and connect with non-bank intermediaries. 

The NBK is